You’ve probably heard the term tossed around in luxury auctions, high-end boutiques, or by jewelers trying to sell you “the rarest ruby ever.” Pigeon blood. It sounds a bit gruesome, but in the world of fine gemstones, it’s a name that carries serious weight—and even more serious price tags. But what does it actually mean? And is it worth all the fuss?

Pigeon Blood: The Red That Rules Them All

When gemologists say “pigeon blood ruby,” they’re not referring to a specific lab test or scientific classification. It’s more of a visual standard—one that’s evolved over time. The term describes a ruby that has an intense, vivid red color with just a slight hint of blue undertone. It’s a color that glows. Think red silk in candlelight. Or velvet dipped in sunlight. It’s deep, rich, and unmistakably alive.

Why “pigeon blood”? In ancient Burma (now Myanmar), the ideal ruby color was compared to the first two drops of blood from the nose of a freshly killed pigeon. Sounds medieval, sure—but that’s how long this color grading fascination has existed. Today, “pigeon blood” still refers to that same almost-supernatural red that seems to light up from within.

Origin Matters—And Burma Reigns Supreme

Not all rubies come from the same earth. Most pigeon blood rubies are found in Myanmar, specifically from the Mogok region. These Burmese rubies are famous for their intense saturation and softness of tone, creating a balance that few other regions can replicate.

That said, not all Burmese rubies are pigeon blood, and not all pigeon blood rubies come from Burma. Some rubies from Mozambique and Madagascar can display pigeon blood characteristics, especially when the saturation is right and the undertone leans cool.

But collectors and connoisseurs still place Burmese pigeon blood rubies at the top of the hierarchy. Why? Tradition, rarity, and that elusive glow.

So, Who Gets to Decide What’s “Pigeon Blood”?

Great question—and here’s where it gets murky. There's no universal grading scale for pigeon blood rubies like there is for diamonds. Instead, gem labs like GRS (GemResearch Swisslab) and SSEF issue reports labeling a ruby as “pigeon blood” based on visual analysis.

The criteria usually include:

• Vivid red body color with strong saturation

• Very slightly bluish undertone (but not purple)

• No brown or orange modifiers

• Medium to medium-dark tone (not too light, not too dark)

• Excellent transparency and crystal structure

But remember, this is still subjective to some degree. Two labs may not agree. One might say “vivid red” while the other calls it “strong red.” That’s why gemological certification is important—but so is trusting your own eyes.

Treatment: The Dealbreaker for True Connoisseurs

Many rubies, even expensive ones, are treated to improve color and clarity. The most common treatment is heat. While heat treatment is generally accepted in the industry, untreated pigeon blood rubies are exponentially rarer—and more valuable.

If you’re buying a ruby labeled “pigeon blood,” always ask: is it untreated? Is there a lab report confirming that? Stones that are untreated and still exhibit that electric red color are true unicorns in the gem world.

Does a Pigeon Blood Ruby Always Look the Same?

Nope. Lighting conditions can make a huge difference. In daylight, a pigeon blood ruby might look vibrant and glowing, while under yellow indoor light, it could look deeper, almost velvety. That’s why experts often evaluate rubies under multiple light sources—daylight, incandescent, and fluorescent—to assess how stable and true the color is.

It also depends on the setting. A pigeon blood ruby in a white metal like platinum or white gold may appear more vivid. In yellow gold, the warm metal tone might soften the red a bit, giving it a more romantic, antique look.

What’s the Price Tag on That Color?

Short answer: high. Really high. A fine-quality pigeon blood ruby that’s untreated, Burmese in origin, and over 2 carats can easily cross six figures. Auction records have shown rubies selling for more than $1 million per carat in exceptional cases.

But even smaller stones—say, 1.5 carats—can command prices well into five digits if they meet the pigeon blood criteria and are certified by a reputable lab.

If you’re looking at a ruby being sold as pigeon blood for a suspiciously low price, take a step back. Either the color doesn’t meet the true standard, or it’s been treated in a way that drastically reduces its value.

Are Non–Pigeon Blood Rubies Worth Buying?

Absolutely. Just because a ruby isn’t labeled pigeon blood doesn’t mean it isn’t gorgeous. Rubies come in a variety of shades—pinkish-red, orangey-red, purplish-red—and many of them are stunning in their own right. In fact, some collectors prefer rubies with unique undertones or color zoning because they feel more “alive” and personal.

So if you find a ruby you love, and it lights up when you wear it, don’t worry about the name. Pigeon blood may be the elite label, but it’s not the only kind of beauty worth appreciating.

Final Thoughts

“Pigeon blood” might sound dramatic, but it represents one of the most iconic and sought-after hues in the gemstone world. It’s not just about red—it’s about the right red. Intense, glowing, slightly bluish, and full of life. If you’re in the market for a top-tier ruby and you want something rare, powerful, and steeped in history, then yes—go hunt for the pigeon. But if you’re simply looking for a ruby that takes your breath away, trust your eyes, your heart, and a reputable lab.